Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs)¹ are expected to grow their assets under management (AUM) 13-14% next fiscal, or twice the ~7% pace logged last fiscal (see chart in annexure) as robust credit demand piggybacks the ongoing economic rebound.

Says Gurpreet Chhatwal, Managing Director, CRISIL Ratings, “Stronger balance sheets with higher provisioning and lower leverage, receding asset-quality concerns and steadily normalising funding access provide a solid foundation for NBFCs to capitalise on credit demand. Competition from banks will remain intense and the rising interest rate environment will exert pressure on margins and limit competitive ability, especially in the largest traditional segments of home loans and new vehicle finance. Hence, diversification into higher-yielding segments such as unsecured loans, used-vehicle loans, and secured SME² loans will be the focus areas for the larger NBFCs.”

In home loans, the biggest segment comprising 40-45% of the NBFC AUM, structural factors driving end-user housing demand are intact despite the impact of rising real estate prices and interest rates. That should drive 13-15% growth in the segment next fiscal. But housing finance companies could keep losing market share to banks amid intense competition on interest rates, especially in the urban and the formal salaried segments. Rising rates will also lift the borrowing cost of NBFCs and lower their competitiveness versus banks, which have access to lower cost funds.

Vehicle finance, the second-largest segment (20-25% of NBFC AUM), will grow 13-14% next fiscal compared with an estimated ~12% this fiscal on the back of solid underlying-asset sales. Strong pent-up demand and new launches will continue to drive car and utility vehicle sales. The ongoing rebound in economic activity, demand for fleet replacement, and focus on last-mile connectivity will support commercial vehicle sales. In the new-vehicle finance segment, especially cars, interest-rate sensitivity of borrowers is high so competition from banks remains tough given their ability to offer finer pricing. Consequently, NBFCs are expected to capitalise on their core strengths of last-mile connectivity, customer relationships, innovativeness and strong understanding of micro markets to sharpen focus on used-vehicle financing, which offers higher yields and better profitability from a risk-adjusted return perspective.

Unsecured loan³ (8-10% of NBFC AUM) is the cynosure for many large NBFCs. A CRISIL Ratings analysis indicates disbursements doubled on-year last fiscal and grew further by ~50% annualised in the first half of this fiscal. Demand for consumer loans is high across durables, travel and other personal consumption activities, while business loans have benefited from macroeconomic tailwinds. The AUM in this segment is seen growing 20-22% next fiscal.

Says Krishnan Sitaraman, Senior Director and Deputy Chief Ratings Officer, CRISIL Ratings, “As large NBFCs turn towards non-traditional segments to enhance yields, we are likely to see more partnerships such as co-lending with emerging NBFCs focusing on specific asset classes, especially unsecured loans. This allows the large NBFCs to expand to newer domains in a more cost-efficient manner while reducing time-to-market. For emerging NBFCs, this supports capital-efficient AUM growth.”

In real estate finance, some large NBFCs may look at a calibrated re-alignment of exposure to construction finance for large developers, lease rental discounting loans, and last-mile financing as these carry relatively lesser risk and potential for higher returns. Most others are expected to reduce their wholesale loan book as chunkiness of exposure and higher delinquencies in the past have impacted the confidence of lenders to NBFCs. Consequently, the share of wholesale lending in overall AUM is expected to steadily reduce for most NBFCs. These would largely move to alternative investment funds given their access to patient pools of capital.

Overall, the NBFC sector is well poised to tap growth opportunities in the medium term despite competition from banks. However, geopolitical issues, sharper-than-expected increase in interest rates, and inflation will bear watching.

¹ NBFCs include housing finance companies (HFCs) but exclude Government-owned NBFCs
² Small and medium enterprises
³ Unsecured loans include consumer loans (personal loans and consumer durable loans) and business loans to SMEs