Stressed steel plants¹, acquired under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) resolution process are seeing faster returns. Despite pandemic-linked blips, domestic demand outlook remains strong, which has helped acquirers ramp up utilisation levels. The ongoing steel upcycle will also mean stronger-than-expected realisations over the medium term. Consequently, acquirers may see ~20% faster payback² and are well set to tap the brownfield potential housed under these assets.

This is as per a Crisil study of five stressed steel capacities, totalling 21 million tonne (MT), which were acquired under NCLT-1, mostly by other primary steel producers. These assets accounted for 70% of total financial claims resolved or liquidated under IBC in the steel sector till March 31, 2021.

For acquirers, while the debt inherited via acquisition became sustainable after the haircuts³, a turnaround in operational performance led by improved efficiency was the key for a reasonable payback period of around six years, given average domestic steel prices of ~ Rs 39,000 per tonne in fiscal 2018⁴.

Expectedly, the acquirers have been able to turn these capacities around — utilisation rates improved from 65% in fiscal 2018 to more than 80% by the end of fiscal 2021 — riding on operational debottlenecking, improved raw material sourcing, access to working capital and strong managerial oversight.

A bigger boost, though, has come from the current steel upcycle. Global steel prices have rallied strongly driven by strong demand and higher iron ore input costs due to supply tightness. Domestic steel prices, which are driven by the landed cost of imports, have also witnessed a similar surge – at 15% higher in fiscal 2021 compared with fiscal 2018.

Says Manish Gupta, Senior Director, Crisil Ratings, “Although domestic iron ore prices have increased, a combination of higher steel prices and better utilisation rates, with operational debottlenecking lifted operating margins⁵ for the acquired assets from ~13% in fiscal 2018 to ~22% last fiscal. This is expected to be even stronger at ~30% this fiscal.”

Crucially, despite some moderation, global prices could remain well above 2018 levels even next year. That is primarily due to China’s continued focus on reducing carbon emissions, which should keep a leash on global steel supply. The upshot of all this is that paybacks for acquirers of the stressed assets will reduce by up to 20%, from around 6 years to less than 5 years.

The estimate factors in only the current capacities. The acquired assets also have brownfield potential to almost double their existing capacities of 21 MT, which could get kick-started over next 1-2 years given strong demand outlook. This will be in addition to the ongoing brownfield capacity expansion plans by the acquirers.

Says Naveen Vaidyanathan, Associate Director, Crisil Ratings, “Fortunately for the steel sector, the pandemic has not derailed demand much. Last fiscal, after a washout in the first quarter, there was a ‘V’ shaped recovery that limited the decline in domestic demand to 6% for the year. This fiscal may see a robust 10-12% demand growth, led by the auto and infrastructure segments and higher exports. The medium-term prospects remain strong, too, with estimated compound annual growth rate of 6-7% for fiscals 2022-25.”

Given the cyclical nature of steel prices, however, this remains the key risk as well. Weaker-than-expected global steel demand and lower supply curtailments from China would bear watching in the road ahead.

¹ Include Bhushan Steel Ltd (renamed as Tata Steel BSL Ltd), Essar Steel Ltd (renamed as Arcelor Mittal Nippon Steel India Ltd), Electrosteel Steels Ltd (now ESL Steel Ltd), Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd (now JSW Ispat Special Products Ltd ) and Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd
² Number of years to generate earnings before interest, depreciation and taxes (Ebitda) equal to the enterprise value paid
³ They had total financial creditor claims of Rs.1.7 lakh crore, which were resolved under the IBC process between fiscals 2018 and 2021 with ~60% of the total claims paid by the acquirers
⁴ Prices of hot-rolled coil (HRC)
⁵ Operating margin is defined as Ebitda margin