Rating Rationale
December 19, 2019 | Mumbai
Andhra Bank
Rating placed on 'Watch Developing' 
 
Rating Action
Rs.1000 Crore Tier II Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA+ (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.500 Crore Tier II Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA+ (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.500 Crore Tier II Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA+ (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.1000 Crore Tier II Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA+ (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.1000 Crore Infrastructure Bond Issue CRISIL AA+ (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.200 Crore Perpetual Tier-I Bonds (under Basel II)  CRISIL AA (Placed on 'Rating Watch With Developing Implication' and Rating Withdrawn)
Rs.500 Crore Tier I Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA- (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.900 Crore Tier I Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA- (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
Rs.500 Crore Tier I Bonds (Under Basel III) CRISIL AA- (Placed on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implication')
1 crore = 10 million
Refer to annexure for Details of Instruments & Bank Facilities
Detailed Rationale

CRISIL has placed its rating on the long-term debt instruments of Andhra Bank on 'Rating Watch with Developing Implications'. CRISIL has also withdrawn Rs 200 crore of perpetual Tier-I bonds (Under Basel II) as they have been redeemed and there is nothing outstanding against these. The withdrawal is in line with CRISIL's policy.
 
On August 30, 2019, Ministry of Finance announced a set of reforms for public sector banks (PSBs) including consolidation, capital infusion and measures to enhance governance standards. A key announcement was also the amalgamation of 6 PSBs into 4 anchor PSBs. As part of this announcement, it was proposed to amalgamate Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank with Union Bank of India. In response to the announcement, CRISIL had published a Credit Bulletin on September 5, 2019 conveying that it will continue to closely monitor developments and engage with various stakeholders, and take appropriate rating action thereafter.
 
The ratings on the long-term debt instruments of Andhra Bank have now been placed on 'Watch with Developing Implications' as there has been significant progress on the amalgamation including approvals from the Boards of Directors of all the banks. CRISIL expects that the credit profile of the merged entity to be similar to that of Union Bank currently. On September 2019, in-principle approval from the Boards of Directors of all the merging banks was received. Later, on November 2019, Alternative Mechanism accorded its in-principal approval for the merger of Union Bank, Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank. Further, CRISIL has had discussions with several of the amalgamating banks and understands that the integration process in terms of branch rationalization, alignment of policies, processes and products, joint training of staff, etc., is already underway. The merger is expected to be completed after receipt of all regulatory approvals. CRISIL will resolve the rating watch once clarity emerges on the merger completion.
 
In terms of pro-forma merged financials, the merged bank would have total assets of Rs 9.9 lakh crore, with gross non-performing assets (NPAs) of 15.7% as on September 30, 2019. Common equity tier I (CET-I), Tier I and overall capital adequacy ratio (CAR) were at 10.6%, 11.9% and 14.2% as on September 30, 2019. On the business side, there are potential synergies stemming from a larger distribution network with deeper penetration in key states and operational efficiencies.
 
Till the amalgamation is completed, the ratings on the long term debt instrument of Andhra Bank will continue to factor in expectation of strong support from majority owner, Government of India, and adequate capitalisation. Government infused Rs 5,300 crore in fiscal 2019 (Rs 2,990 crore in fiscal 2018), which improved capital ratios and cover against net non-performing assets (NPAs). These strengths are partially offset by the bank's weak asset quality and earnings profile, and modest resource profile.

Analytical Approach

For arriving at its ratings, CRISIL has combined the business and financial risk profiles of Andhra Bank. CRISIL has also factored in the strong support that the bank is expected to receive from the government, both on an ongoing basis and in the event of distress.

Key Rating Drivers & Detailed Description
Strengths
*Strong expectation of support from government
Government is both the majority shareholder in public sector banks (PSBs) and the guardian of India's financial system. Stability of the banking sector is of prime importance to the government, given the criticality of the sector to the economy, strong public perception of sovereign backing for PSBs, and the severe implications of any PSB failure in terms of political fallout, systemic stability, and investor confidence in public sector institutions. Majority ownership creates a moral obligation on the government to support PSBs, including Andhra Bank.
 
Government had outlined a recapitalisation package of Rs 2.11 lakh crore over fiscals 2018 and 2019, out of which Andhra Bank has received more than Rs 8,000 crore.
 
*Adequate capitalisation
Common equity tier I (CET I), Tier-I, and overall capital adequacy ratios (Under Basel III) were 8.7%, 10.7%, and 13.6%, respectively, as on September 30, 2019 (5.6%, 7.4%, and 11.0%, respectively, as on March 31, 2018). Government shareholding, at 87.8% as on June 30, 2019, provides some flexibility to raise additional equity by diluting the government stake in future. With infusion of more than Rs 8,000 crore of equity capital over past two years, networth coverage for net NPAs improved, although it still remains low at 1.4 times as on September 30, 2019 (0.9 time as on March 31, 2018). Furthermore, government will continue to provide distress support and will ensure that the bank meets Basel III capital regulations.
 
Weaknesses
*Weak asset quality
Asset quality improved from the peak of March 2018, although it still remains elevated. Gross NPA (GNPA) ratio stood to 16.9% as on September 30, 2019 (16.2% as on March 31, 2019, 17.1% as of March 2018, and 8.4% as of March 2016). Net NPA ratio stood at 6.0% as of September 30, 2019 (5.7% as of March 2019, 8.5% as of March 2018, and 4.6% as of March 2016). Deterioration in asset quality was mainly due to higher slippages in the large and medium corporate advances portfolio. Exposure to infrastructure and iron and steel sectors stood at 17.3% and 3.4%, respectively, of the total advances as on March 31, 2019 (16.1% and 4.7%, respectively, as on March 31, 2018). While corporate book contributes the most to GNPAs, the performance of the MSME (micro, small, and medium enterprises) book has also weakened over the past two fiscals, with GNPAs increasing to 16.9% as on September 30, 2019 (14.9% as on March 31, 2018, and 9.9% as of March 2017). Ability to arrest slippages and NCLT-led resolutions, mainly in the corporate and MSME loan books, will remain key rating monitorables in the near term.
 
*Weak earnings profile
The bank continued to post losses for the second consecutive fiscal, with losses of Rs 2,786 crore in fiscal 2019 and of Rs 3,413 crore in fiscal 2018. These were led by higher slippages and increase in provision coverage ratio. Equity infusion by the government was largely used to make incremental provisions, and resultantly, the provisioning coverage ratio increased to 68.6% as on March 31, 2019, from 55.1% as on March 31, 2018. Credit cost stood at Rs 7,434 crore (4.8% of opening net advances) for fiscal 2019 against Rs 10,822 crore (7.6%) for fiscal 2018. This led to a negative return on assets of 1.1% for fiscal 2019 (-1.5% for fiscal 2018).
 
The pre-provision profits to average assets ratio declined to 2.0% in fiscal 2019 (2.3% in fiscal 2018) mainly on account of lower treasury income. However, this has been better than other PSBs on account of higher yields in MSME, retail, and agriculture loan portfolios. Ability to improve asset quality, and hence profitability, remains a key monitorable.
Liquidity Superior

Liquidity is superior supported by a healthy retail deposit base. Liquidity coverage ratio stood at 104.5% as on March 31, 2019, against the statutory minimum of 100%. Liquidity also benefits from access to systemic sources of funds, such as the liquidity adjustment facility from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and access to the call money market.

Rating Sensitivity Factors
Upward Factors
* Pre-provisioning profits comfortably cover the provisioning requirement on a sustainable basis, enabling the bank to report RoA more than 1.0%, and/or
* Improvement in asset quality

Downward Factors
* Deterioration in asset quality with GNPAs rising from current levels, and/or
* Decline in capital adequacy ratios below minimum regulatory requirements (including CCB, which is Tier I of 9.5% and overall CAR of 11.5% as on March 31, 2020) for an extended period.

About the Bank

Headquartered in Hyderabad, Andhra Bank commenced operations in 1923. It is a medium-sized PSB, with a network of 6,687 business delivery channels consisting 2,885 branches, 4 extension counters, and 3,798 ATMs (automated teller machines) as on March 31, 2019. The bank also has representative offices in Dubai and New Jersey, the USA. Furthermore, in a joint venture agreement with the Bank of Baroda and the Indian Overseas Bank, it has set up a bank in Malaysia. Government held 87.8% stake in Andhra Bank as on June 30, 2019.
 
For fiscal 2019, net loss was Rs 2,786 crore on total income (net of interest expense) of Rs 8,753 crore, against net loss of Rs 3,413 crore on total income (net of interest expense) of Rs 8,707 crore for fiscal 2018. The bank reported a profit of Rs 122 crore in the first half of fiscal 2020 (after seven consecutive quarterly losses) on total income of Rs 4,464 crore (net of interest expense); against net loss of Rs 973 crore on a total income of Rs 4,248 crore (net of interest expense) for the corresponding period of the previous fiscal.

Key Financial Indicators
As on/for the period ended March 31 Unit 2019 2018
Total assets Rs crore 249311 242171
Total income (net of interest expense) Rs crore 8753 8707
Profit after tax Rs crore -2786 -3413
Gross NPA % 16.2 17.1
Overall capital adequacy ratio % 13.7 11.0
Reported return on assets % -1.1 -1.5

Any other information: Not applicable

Note on complexity levels of the rated instrument:
CRISIL complexity levels are assigned to various types of financial instruments. The CRISIL complexity levels are available on www.crisil.com/complexity-levels. Users are advised to refer to the CRISIL complexity levels for instruments that they consider for investment. Users may also call the Customer Service Helpdesk with queries on specific instruments.
Note on Tier-II Instruments (Under Basel III)
The distinguishing feature of Tier-II capital instruments under Basel II is the existence of the point of non-viability (PONV) trigger, the occurrence of which may result in loss of principal to the investors and hence, to default on the instrument by the issuer. According to the Basel III guidelines, the PONV trigger will be determined by the RBI. CRISIL believes the trigger is a remote possibility in the Indian context, given the robust regulatory and supervisory framework and the systemic importance of the banking sector. The inherent risk associated with the PONV feature is adequately factored into the rating on the instrument.
 
Note on Hybrid Instruments (Under Basel II)
Given that hybrid capital instruments (Tier-I perpetual bonds and Upper Tier-II bonds; under Basel II) have characteristics that set them apart from Lower Tier-II bonds (under Basel II), the ratings on the two instruments may not necessarily be identical. The factors that could trigger a default event for hybrid instruments include: the bank breaching the regulatory minimum capital requirement, or the regulator's denial of permission to the bank to make payments of interest and principal if the bank reports losses. Hence, the transition from one rating category to another may be significantly sharper for these instruments than in the case of Lower Tier-II bonds; this is because debt servicing on hybrid instruments is far more sensitive to the bank's overall capital adequacy levels and profitability.
 
Note on non-equity Tier-I capital instruments (Under Basel III)
The distinguishing features of non-equity Tier-I capital instruments (under Basel III) are the existence of coupon discretion at all times, high capital thresholds for likely coupon non-payment, and principal write-down (on breach of a pre-specified trigger). These features increase the risk attributes of non-equity Tier-I instruments, over those of Tier-II instruments under Basel III, and capital instruments under Basel II. To factor in these risks, CRISIL notches down the rating on these instruments from the bank's corporate credit rating. The rating on the Tier-I Bonds (under Basel III) has, therefore, been lowered by two notches from Andhra Bank's corporate credit rating, to 'CRISIL AA/ Watch with developing implication ' in line with CRISIL's criteria (refer to 'CRISIL's rating criteria for Basel III-compliant instruments of banks').

The factors that could trigger a default event for non-equity Tier-I capital instruments (under Basel III) resulting in non-payment of coupon include: i) the bank exercising coupon discretion; ii) inadequacy of eligible reserves to honour coupon payment if the bank reports losses or low profits; or iii) the bank breaching the minimum regulatory CET I (including capital conservation buffer) ratio. Moreover, given the additional risk attributes, the rating transition for non-equity Tier-I capital instruments (under Basel III) can potentially be higher than that for Tier-II instruments.
 
Annexure - Details of Instrument(s)
ISIN Name of Instrument Date of Allotment Coupon Rate (%) Maturity Date Issue Size (Rs.Cr) Rating Outstanding  with Outlook
INE434A08083 Tier-I Bond Issue (Under Basel III)* 31-Oct-2017 9.2% Perpetual 500 CRISIL AA-/Watch Developing
INE434A8075 Tier-II Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 24-Oct-2017 7.98% 24-Oct-27 1000 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
INE434A08067 Tier-I Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 5-Aug-16 10.99% Perpetual 900 CRISIL AA-/Watch Developing
INE434A08026 Tier-II Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 16-Sep-15 8.58% 16-Sep-25 500 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
INE434A08059 Tier-II Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 27-Jun-16 8.65 % 27-Jun-26 1000 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
INE434A08034 Tier-II Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 18-Dec-15 8.63% 18-Dec-25 500 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
INE434A09149 Tier-I Bond Issue (Under Basel III) 26-Dec-14 9.55% Perpetual 500 CRISIL AA-/Watch Developing
INE434A08018 Infrastructure Bond Issue 22-Aug-14 9.35% 22-Aug-21 500.10 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
NA Infrastructure Bond Issue* NA NA NA 499.9 CRISIL AA+/Watch Developing
*Yet to be issued
 
Annexure - Details of Rating Withdrawn
ISIN Name of Instrument Date of Allotment Coupon Rate (%) Maturity Date Issue Size (Rs.Cr)
INE434A09099 Perpetual Tier-I Bonds (Under Basel II) 31-Dec-08 9.50% Perpetual 200
Annexure - Rating History for last 3 Years
  Current 2019 (History) 2018  2017  2016  Start of 2016
Instrument Type Outstanding Amount Rating Date Rating Date Rating Date Rating Date Rating Rating
Infrastructure Bonds  LT  500.10
18-12-19 
CRISIL AA+/(Watch) Developing  05-09-19  CRISIL AA+/Negative  31-08-18  CRISIL AA+/Negative  29-09-17  CRISIL AA+/Negative  29-07-16  CRISIL AA+/Negative  CRISIL AA+/Stable 
        30-08-19  CRISIL AA+/Negative  25-01-18  CRISIL AA+/Stable  21-08-17  CRISIL AA+/Negative  10-03-16  CRISIL AA+/Negative   
Perpetual Tier-I Bonds (under Basel II)  LT  0.00
18-12-19 
Withdrawn  05-09-19  CRISIL AA/Negative  31-08-18  CRISIL AA/Negative  29-09-17  CRISIL AA/Negative  29-07-16  CRISIL AA/Negative  CRISIL AA/Stable 
        30-08-19  CRISIL AA/Negative  25-01-18  CRISIL AA/Stable  21-08-17  CRISIL AA/Negative  10-03-16  CRISIL AA/Negative   
Tier I Bonds (Under Basel III)  LT  1400.00
18-12-19 
CRISIL AA-/(Watch) Developing  05-09-19  CRISIL AA-/Negative  31-08-18  CRISIL AA-/Negative  29-09-17  CRISIL AA-/Negative  29-07-16  CRISIL AA-/Negative  CRISIL AA-/Stable 
        30-08-19  CRISIL AA-/Negative  25-01-18  CRISIL AA-/Negative  21-08-17  CRISIL AA-/Negative  10-03-16  CRISIL AA-/Negative   
Tier II Bonds (Under Basel III)  LT  3000.00
18-12-19 
CRISIL AA+/(Watch) Developing  05-09-19  CRISIL AA+/Negative  31-08-18  CRISIL AA+/Negative  29-09-17  CRISIL AA+/Negative  29-07-16  CRISIL AA+/Negative  CRISIL AA+/Stable 
        30-08-19  CRISIL AA+/Negative  25-01-18  CRISIL AA+/Stable  21-08-17  CRISIL AA+/Negative  10-03-16  CRISIL AA+/Negative   
Upper Tier-II Bonds (under Basel II)  LT    --  30-08-19  Withdrawn  31-08-18  CRISIL AA/Negative  29-09-17  CRISIL AA/Negative  29-07-16  CRISIL AA/Negative  CRISIL AA/Stable 
            25-01-18  CRISIL AA/Stable  21-08-17  CRISIL AA/Negative  10-03-16  CRISIL AA/Negative   
All amounts are in Rs.Cr.
Links to related criteria
Rating Criteria for Banks and Financial Institutions
Criteria for Notching up Stand Alone Ratings of Entities Based on Government Support
Rating Criteria for Hybrid Capital instruments issued by banks under Basel II guidelines
Rating criteria for Basel III - compliant non-equity capital instruments

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